Vegetable coagulants as alternative for treatment of wastewater in Mexico
Keywords:
Vegetable coagulants, wastewater treatment, clarification processAbstract
This review addresses the various properties of natural coagulants, water, the chemical substance essential for life and the ideal solvent for a large number of compounds, it is commonly used with domestic, commercial and industrial purposes. After its use, it presents sewage to be retired before use it once again. To remove pollutant, water is subject to different physical, chemical and biological processes. Here, the clarification process uses aluminum and iron materials to remove the solids present; these materials are reported as health hazardous and toxic. In Mexico, regulatory frame work stablish that treated wastewater should do not exceed 0.2 mg/L of aluminum even though has been reported an increased risk of Alzheimer's in populations when water exceeds 0.1 mg/L. Natural coagulants have showed coagulation properties when are used in the clarification process, proven its advantages over traditional ones; such as low cost, good coagulant properties and safe health and non-toxic properties. Here, we enlist some vegetable species as alternatives to the traditional based on aluminum and iron. Additionally, these species are known to have origins on Mexico or being present extensively in the territory, making possible to think about them as alternative coagulants in the clarification process of the wastewater treatment process.
Downloads
References
Lerner L, Lerner B, Encyclopedia of water science. Vol. 1. Ed. Thomson Gale, SUA. 2005:1-8.
CONAGUA/SEMARNAT. Estadísticas del agua en México. 2014:60.
Day DG. How Australian social `policy neglects environments. Austr. J. Soil Water. Conserv. Noviembre de 1996;9(4):3-9.
Tchobanoglous G, Burton F, Stensel H. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. Metcalf & Eddy Inc., 4th Edition, New York, McGraw-Hill. 2003:11.
Solís-Silvan R, Laines-Canepa JR, Hernández-Barajas JR. Mezclas con potencial coagulante para clarificar aguas superficiales. Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient. Agosto de 2012;28(3):229-36.
Ghafari S, Aziz HA, Isa MH, Zinatizadeh AA. Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize coagulation–flocculation treatment of leachate using poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) and alum. J. Hazard. Mater. 30 de Abril de 2009;163(2-3):650-56.
Suarez J. Coagulación-Floculación. Memorias Curso de Operadores de Plantas de Potabilización. Cali, Colombia. 1987:136-67.
Pradilla F. Clarificación de aguas. Documento técnico. Química Nalco de Colombia SA, Barranquilla. 1994.
Quintana R. Cómo tratar el agua. Documento técnico. Coca Cola de Colombia, Bogotá D.C. 2000.
Teh CY, Budiman PM, Shak KPY, Wu TY. Recent Advancement of Coagulation–Flocculation and Its Application in Wastewater Treatment. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 27 de Abril de 2016;55(16):4363-89.
Lee CS, Robinson J, Chong MF. A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment. Process. Saf. Environ. Prot. Noviembre de 2014;92(6):489-508.
Murillo-Castaño DM. Análisis de la influencia de dos materias primas coagulantes en el aluminio residual del agua tratada (Tesis profesional). Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. 2011.
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID). Tratamiento de aguas residuales en México. Nota Técnica. México. 2013:15.
Vázquez RT, Montoya VH. Riesgos a la salud por presencia del aluminio en el agua potable. Conciencia Tecnológica. 2004;25(1):17-20.
Norma Oficial Mexicana. Límites máximos permisibles de contaminantes en las descargas de aguas residuales en aguas y bienes nacionales. Diario Oficial de la Federación (DOF). NOM-001-SEMARNAT- 1996.
Norma Oficial Mexicana. Límites máximos permisibles de contaminantes en las descargas de aguas residuales a los sistemas de alcantarillado urbano o municipal. Diario Oficial de la Federación (DOF). NOM-002-SEMARNAT-1996.
Norma Oficial Mexicana. Límites máximos permisibles de contaminantes para las aguas residuales tratadas que se reusen en servicios al público. Diario Oficial de la Federación (DOF). NOM-003-SEMARNAT-1997.
Suay-Llopis L, Ballester-Díez F. Revisión de los estudios sobre exposición al aluminio y enfermedad de Alzheimer. Rev. Esp. Salud Pública. Noviembre de 2002;76(6):645-58.
Crapper D. Functional consequences of neurofibrillary degeneration of the Alzheimer type. In: Terry RD. The neurobiology of aging (Vol. 3). Gershon S (ed) Raven Press, New York, NY. 1976.
Sandoval-Arreola MM, Laines-Canepa JR. Moringa oleífera una alternativa para sustituir coagulantes metálicos en el tratamiento de aguas superficiales. Ingeniería. 2013;17(2):93-101.
Lugo-Terán H, Valdés-Mondolfi R. La Enfermedad de Alzheimer Relacionada con la Utilización de sulfato de aluminio (Al2SO4) en Sistemas de Potabilización. (Doctoral dissertation). 2011.
Banks WA, Niehoff ML, Drago D, Zatta P. Aluminum complexing enhances amyloid protein penetration of blood-brain barrier. Brain Research. 20 de Octubre de 2006;1116(1):215-21.
Polizzi S, Pira E, Ferrara M, Bugiani M, Papaleo A, Albera R, et al. Neurotoxic effects of aluminium among foundry workers and Alzheimer’s disease. Neurotoxicology. Diciembre de 2002;23(6):761-74.
Norma Oficial Mexicana. Requisitos para la recarga artificial de acuíferos con agua residual tratada. Diario Oficial de la Federación (DOF). NOM-014-CONAGUA-2003.
Norma Oficial Mexicana. Infiltración artificial de agua a los acuíferos. Características y especificaciones de las obras y del agua. Diario Oficial de la Federación (DOF). NOM-015-CONAGUA-2007.
Pritchard M, Mkandawire T, Edmondson A, O’Neill JG, Kululanga G. Potential of using plant extracts for purification of shallow well water in Malawi. Phys. Chem. Earth. 2009;34(13):799-805.
Ghimici L, Nichifor M. Novel biodegradable flocculating agents based on cationic amphiphilic polysaccharides. Bioresour. Technol. Noviembre de 2010;101(22):8549-54.
Akinnibosun HA, Akinnibosun FI, German BE. Antibacterial activity of aqueous and Ethanolic leaf extracts of Peperomia pellucida (L.) HB & K (piperaceae) on three Gram-negative bacteria isolates. Sci. World J. 2008;3(4):33-6.
Feria-Díaz JJ, Rodiño-Arguello JP, Gutiérrez-Ribón GE. Behavior of turbidity, pH, alkalinity and color in Sinú River raw water treated by natural coagulants. Rev. Fac. Ing. Antoquia. 2016;78:112-18.
Šćiban MB, Antov MG, Klašnja MT. Extraction and partial purification of coagulation active components from common bean seed. APTEFF. 2006;37:37-43.
Antov MG, Šćiban MB, Adamović, S., Klaśnja, M. Investigation of isolation conditions and ion-exchange purification of protein coagulation components from common bean seed. APTEFF. 2007;38:3-10.
Patel H, Vashi R. Removal of Congo Red dye from its aqueous solution using natural coagulants. J. Saudi Chem.
Soc. Abril de 2012;16(2):131-36.
Almendárez N. Comprobación de la efectividad del coagulante (COCHIFLOC) en aguas del lago Managua “Piedras Azules”. Rev. Iberoam. Pol. Marzo de 2004;5(1):46-54.
Ortiz ÁV, Paz IC, García JM. Caracterización de la Opuntia ficus-indica para su uso como coagulante natural. Rev. Colomb. Biotechnol. Julio de 2013;15(1):137-44.
Olivero-Verbel RE, Mercado-Martínez ID, Montes-Gazabón LE. Remoción de la turbidez del agua del río Magdalena usando el mucílago del nopal Opuntia ficus-indica. Rev. P+L. 2013;8(1):19-27.
Cock H., Dátil de la yuca. CONACyT. México. 1980:205.
Renuka J., Karunyal J. A Study on the Assessment of Water Quality Treated With Selected Plant Species. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 2017;6(2):2225-35.
Schultz CR, Okun DA, Donaldson D, Austin, J. Surface water treatment for communities in developing countries. John Wiley and Sons Inc. Intermediate Technology Publications, Grand Britain. 1992:300.
Ospina-Zuñiga OE, Ramírez-Arcila H. Tratamiento casero alternativo de agua para consumo humano por medio de fitoquímicos. Revista de la Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería. Octubre de 2011;84:7-17.
Ramírez-Estrada LM, Suárez-Córdoba JD, Ramírez-Quirama JF. Evaluación de las propiedades floculantes de Malvaviscus arboreus, Heliocarpus popayanensis e Hylocereus undatus para clarificación de aguas. RIAA. 2011;2(2):33-42.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
Issue
Section
License
All accepted originals remain the property of JONNPR. In the event of publication, the authors exclusively transfer their rights of reproduction, distribution, translation and public communication (by any sound, audiovisual or electronic medium or format) of their work. To do so, the authors shall sign a letter transferring these rights when sending the paper via the online manuscript management system.
The articles published in the journal are freely used under the terms of the Creative Commons BY NC SA license, therefore.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
