Factors influencing the violation of the rights of children and adolescents in the Nukak and Jiw indigenous communities: A multiple case study in San José del Guaviare (Colombia)

Abstract

This article presents a study conducted in the Master's Program in Security Management at the Graduate School of the Colombian National Police. This study examines the factors that shape the systematic violation of the rights of children and adolescents from the Nukak and Jiw indigenous communities in San José del Guaviare during the period 2019-2024. The study adopted a multiple-case design based on a critical constructivist perspective, processing five court files and semi-structured interviews with criminal justice officials through reflexive thematic analysis in ATLAS.ti 25.

The construction of a grounded code of 24 categories (with content validity S-CVI > 0.80 and internal consistency ? = 0.83) allowed for the identification of three interrelated causal dimensions: structural drivers (governance vacuum and chronic poverty), sociocultural obstacles (language barriers and ethnic stigmatization), and organizational failures (weak inter-institutional coordination). The Vester matrix identified the governance gap as a determining factor and structural poverty as the primary driver of the system.

The results show that child sexual violence transcends isolated episodes to become a manifestation of a complex causal architecture where differential policies are diluted in territorial implementation. In this sense, the co-occurrence of ethnic discrimination and communication barriers (? = 0.62) inhibits reporting mechanisms. Therefore, an intercultural model is proposed that prioritizes accredited indigenous mediators and cultural protocols as a strategy to close the gap between formal regulations and effective protection