Trastornos adaptativos y su manejo desde atención primaria

Elvira Lucas Oliver; Pedro Juan Tárraga López; Almudena Tarraga Marcos

doi:10.19230/jonnpr.4909

Autores/as

Elvira Lucas Oliver Grado de Medicina Universidad Castilla la Mancha
Pedro Juan Tárraga López Departamento de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Castilla la Mancha
Almudena Tarraga Marcos Centro Base Consejería Bienestar Social. Castilla la Mancha

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.4909

Resumen

Introducción. El trastorno de adaptación describe una respuesta emocional y conductual desproporcionada a uno o más estresores psicosociales identificables. Existen múltiples situaciones capaces de generarnos una situación de estrés agudo. Sin embargo, uno de los requisitos necesarios para poder hablar de trastorno adaptativo es que ese o esos factores estresantes supongan un deterioro en el funcionamiento normal del individuo.
Objetivos. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar, mediante una revisión bibliográfica, el diagnóstico y abordaje de los trastornos adaptativos dentro del ámbito de Atención Primaria. El objetivo secundario es destacar la importancia de la detección y el tratamiento precoces, así como de la gestión multidisciplinar y la promoción de la salud mental.
Resultados: Los principales factores de riesgo de los trastornos adaptativos son el desempleo, los bajos ingresos,
el escaso apoyo social, las enfermedades físicas y la salud mental. La prevalencia es mayor en jóvenes,
especialmente entre las mujeres, y existe un riesgo aumentado de suicidio en el subtipo de estado de ánimo depresivo. El Cuestionario Internacional de Trastornos Adaptativos es actualmente la principal herramienta diagnóstica, por establecer sus criterios diagnósticos en base a la definición teórica establecida por la CIE-11. El manejo de estos trastornos se realiza principalmente mediante terapia cognitivo-conductual.
Conclusiones: Los trastornos de adaptación surgen como respuestas anormales ante ciertas situaciones estresantes. El papel de los médicos de Atención Primaria en el abordaje de este trastorno es primordial, siendo necesaria su detección y manejo precoz para disminuir los niveles de ansiedad disfuncionales que presentan los pacientes.

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