Competencia lectora en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos: ausencia de asociación con variantes genéticas de FOXP2 y ROBO1

Autores/as

  • Hector Adrian Limon-Fernandez Universidad de Guadalajara
  • Luis Miguel Sanchez-Loyo Universidad de Guadalajara
  • Hector Rangel-Villalobos Universidad de Guadalajara
  • Fabiola Reveca Gómez-Velázquez Universidad de Guadalajara
  • Sergio Sanchez-Enriquez Universidad de Guadalajara https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6153-3703
  • Saúl Ramírez-De los Santos Universidad de Guadalajara
  • Luis Eduardo Becerra-Solano Universidad de Guadalajara
  • Victor Javier Sanchez-Gonzalez Universidad de Guadalajara

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.6210

Palabras clave:

FOXP2, ROBO1, competencia lectora, variantes genéticas, población mexicana, genética cognitiva.

Resumen

Introducción: La competencia en comprensión lectora es una habilidad cognitiva compleja influida tanto por factores genéticos como ambientales. Aunque estudios previos han identificado asociaciones entre variantes genéticas específicas y las capacidades lectoras, la mayoría de las investigaciones se han centrado en poblaciones de ascendencia europea, lo que deja una laguna en la comprensión de estas relaciones en poblaciones con distintos antecedentes genéticos. Objetivo: Este estudio investiga la posible asociación entre dos variantes genéticas, rs2253478 (FOXP2) y rs1995402 (ROBO1), y la competencia en comprensión lectora en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos. Materiales y métodos: Se evaluaron las habilidades lectoras de un total de 223 estudiantes, de los cuales únicamente 37 participantes fueron sometidos a análisis genético. Los participantes se dividieron en dos grupos, de competencia lectora media y superior, en función de las puntuaciones obtenidas en las pruebas. Resultados: Aunque se observaron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento lector entre ambos grupos, las pruebas de odds ratio no mostraron ninguna asociación entre los genotipos de las dos variantes y la competencia lectora. Las frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas de ambas variantes fueron consistentes con el equilibrio de Hardy-Weinberg, lo que indica la ausencia de influencias externas sobre dichas frecuencias. Las comparaciones con poblaciones de distintas partes del mundo revelaron que la muestra mexicana se agrupaba estrechamente con las poblaciones españolas, lo que sugiere una conservación de secuencias similar a la observada en poblaciones europeas. Discusión: Estos hallazgos podrían sugerir que las variantes rs2253478 y rs1995402 no tienen un impacto significativo sobre la competencia en comprensión lectora en esta población, poniendo de manifiesto la complejidad de las influencias genéticas sobre los rasgos cognitivos. A pesar del reducido tamaño muestral, este estudio contribuye al creciente cuerpo de investigación sobre las bases genéticas de la lectura al explorar estas asociaciones en una población no europea, y destaca la necesidad de realizar nuevas investigaciones en contextos genéticos y culturales diversos.

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2026-09-10

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