History, trends and causes of obesity in Mexico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.3054Keywords:
Obesity, History, Mexico, Trends, Risk FactorsAbstract
Throughout humanity’s history, obesity has been present among all cultures and civilizations. Representations of voluminous bodies in paleolithic figures, as well as descriptions of excess of weight and its consequences in engravings and texts suggest the recognition of this problem since antiquity. In addition, there is evidence of stigmatization towards people with obesity for more than 2000 years. In Latin America, Mexico ranks among the top five countries with the highest prevalence of obesity. From 2000 to 2016, the increase in obesity in adult women was from 28% to 38,6% and in men from 19% to 27,7%. Abdominal obesity in women increased from 82,2% in 2012 to 87,7% in 2016, and in men increased from 64,5% in 2012 to 65,4% in 2016. Which means that anti- obesity strategies have not been effective. Among the anti-obesity strategies implemented in Mexico, three elements established since Greeks have been included: 1) that obesity is a consequence of high food consumption, 2) is consequence of less physical activity, and 3) the adjudication of responsibility of obesity to individuals or to the parents of children with excess weight. Evidence on genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that occur before pregnancy, during pregnancy and throughout life have been omitted, and a message is sent in favor to the stigmatization of people with obesity. In addition, no efforts have been made to reduce poverty and migration, social determinants associated with obesity. New strategies based on evidence and according to the cultural characteristics of consumption and local physical activity should be evaluated. Similarly, it is necessary to consider the access and availability of food, as well as the coverage, quality of health care and prevention in different regions of the country. Early interventions on prenatal, postnatal and before four years of age are necessary, with the participation of different actors (government, academics, professionals, legislators) from different disciplines, institutions and states of the country.
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