Navigation and history of science: Ice, hunger and lead. Franklin’s lost expedition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.2397Keywords:
Franklin, Erebus, Terror, Arctic, lead poisoning, cannibalism, starvation, scurvy, hypothermiaAbstract
The Franklin’s lost expedition was a British voyage of Arctic exploration led by Captain Sir John Franklin. They sailed from England in 1845 aboard two ships, the HMS Erebus and the HMS Terror. The mission was to cross the last non-navigated section of the so-called Northwest Passage in the Arctic. After various vicissitudes and losses of men, the two ships were trapped in the ice in the Victoria Strait, near King William Island in the Canadian Arctic. The entire expedition, 129 men including Franklin, was lost. Infections, lead poisoning, malnutrition, scurvy, hypothermia and cannibalism ended the expedition.
Downloads
References
Savours A. The search for the North West Passage. New York: St. Martin's Press; 1999.
Cyriax R. Sir John Franklin's last Arctic expedition; a chapter in the history of the royal navy. London: Methuen & Co.; 1939.
Sandler M. Resolute: The epic search for the Northwest Passage and John Franklin, and the discovery of the Queen's Ghost Ship. Nueva York: Sterling Publishing Co.; 2006.
Gibson W. Sir John Franklin's last voyage: A brief history of the Franklin expedition and the outline of the researches which established the facts of its tragic outcome. The Beaver 1937:48.
Beattie O, Geiger J. Frozen in time: Unlocking the secrets of the Franklin Expedition. Toronto: Western Producer Prairie Books; 1989.
Rondeau RM. The wrecks of Franklin’s ships Erebus and Terror; their likely location and the cause of failure of previous search expeditions. Journal of the Hakluyt Society 2010;3:1-11.
Stein GM. Scattered memories & frozen bones: Revealing a sailor of the Franklin Expedition, 1845-48. Journal of the Orders and Medal Research Society 2007;46:224-32.
Keenleyside A, Bertulli M, Fricke H. The final days of the Franklin Expedition: New skeletal evidence. Arctic 1997;50:36-46.
Ross WG. The Admiralty and the Franklin search. Polar Record 2004;40:289-301.
Cyriax RJ. The two Franklin Expedition records found on King William Island. Cambridge: The Mariner's Mirror 1958;44:179-189.
Owen R. The Fate of Franklin. London: Hutchinson & Co.;1978.
Ranford B. Bones of contention. Equinox 1994;74:69-87.
M’Clintock FL. The voyage of the “Fox” in the Arctic seas: A narrative of the discovery of the fate of Sir John Franklin and his companions. Boston: Ticknor and Fields; 1863.
Rae J. The Arctic expedition. The Times of London 1854 (October).
Valdivia MM. Intoxicación por plomo. Rev Soc Per Med Inter 2005;18:22-27.
Ellenhorn MJ. Metals and related compounds. En: Ellenhorn’s Medical Toxicology: Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. Los Ángeles, California: William & Wilkins;1997.
Kowall WA, Krahn PM, Beattie OB. Lead levels in human tissues from the Franklin Forensic Project. Int J Environ Anal Chem 1988;35:119-126.
Jáuregui-Lobera I. Navegación e historia de la ciencia: Escorbuto. JONNPR 2017;2:416-430.
Neatby LH. The search for Franklin. Edmonton: Hurtig; 1970.
Turner CG, Turner JA. Cannibalism in the prehistoric American Southwest: Occurrence, taphonomy, explanation, and suggestions for standardized world definition. Anthropol Sci 1995;103:1-22.
Celis E, Arellano LA. Hipotermia. En: Correa LF, coordinador. Guías para Manejo de Urgencias. Bogotá: Ministerio de la Protección Social; 2009. p. 1048-54.
Government of Nunavut. Northwest Passage Trail. Disponible en: https://www.gov.nu.ca/sites/default/files/3213-025_northwest_eng.pdf
Published
Issue
Section
License
All accepted originals remain the property of JONNPR. In the event of publication, the authors exclusively transfer their rights of reproduction, distribution, translation and public communication (by any sound, audiovisual or electronic medium or format) of their work. To do so, the authors shall sign a letter transferring these rights when sending the paper via the online manuscript management system.
The articles published in the journal are freely used under the terms of the Creative Commons BY NC SA license, therefore.
You are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
NonCommercial — You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License