Navigation and history of science: The smallpox Royal Expedition (Balmis and Salvany)
Keywords:
Smallpox, vaccine, Royal Expedition, Balmis, SalvanyAbstract
By the end of 18th Century, smallpox killed about 400,000 citizens per year in Europe with a highest outbreak peak in 1796. This year, Edward Jenner discovered the smallpox vaccine and after being introduced in Spain, the King of Spain was asked to help American people against the disease. The transport of a fluid such delicate as the vaccine from a continent to another in extremely difficult sea voyages, which lasted several months, without electricity for keeping the cold chain, seemed impossible. Nevertheless Balmis and Salvany succeeded, by means of hundreds of orphans. Their bodies served as means of vaccine transport.
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