Early versus late enteral nutrition in intensive care units. Analysis of results
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.1508Keywords:
early enteral nutrition, hospital length of stay, complications, mortality, critically ill patientAbstract
Introduction: Malnutrition is particularly prevalent in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and associated with poor clinical outcomes. Enteral nutrition (EN) has multiple benefits in critically ill patients, particularly when started early at the ICU. A series of studies corroborate this fact; however, other studies present conflicting results.
Objective: To assess the clinical results of ICU patients receiving EN, according to EN starting time (early versus late).
Patients and method: Basic variables were recorded in all ICU patients who received NE along the study period, as well as time from ICU admission to the start of EN, ICU length of stay, characteristic gastrointestinal complications of EN (gastric residue, constipation, diarrhea, vomiting, regurgitation, abdominal distension and bronchoaspiration) and mortality.
Results: There was a significant association between early EN and mortality reduction. However, there were no differences in ICU length of stay according to EN starting time. The most frequent complications in the sample were high gastric residue (17.9%), abdominal distension (22.5%) and constipation (42.2%). However, no significant differences were observed as a function of the EN starting time.
Discussion: Our results, although discrepant at times, do not contradict with those of other studies. EN has shown to be effective as a therapeutic strategy. Therefore, it is recommended the early start of EN in the ICU.
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