Can gluten contribute to degenerative and neuronal diseases? Still no evidence based results.

Ismael San Mauro-Martin; Elena Garicano-Vilar; Luis Collado-Yurrita; María José Ciudad-Cabañas

doi:10.19230/jonnpr.2016.1.1.918

Autores/as

Ismael San Mauro-Martin CINUSA Group. C/ Artistas, 51. 28020, Madrid, Spain. Medicine Department, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal. 28040, Madrid, Spain.
Elena Garicano-Vilar CINUSA Group. C/ Artistas, 51. 28020, Madrid, Spain.
Luis Collado-Yurrita Medicine Department, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal. 28040, Madrid, Spain.
María José Ciudad-Cabañas Medicine Department, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal. 28040, Madrid, Spain.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.2016.1.1.918

Palabras clave:

Antigliadina, Trastorno del Espectro Autista, Trastorno bipolar, Gluten, Enfermedad neurológica, Review, Esquizofrenia.

Resumen

Introducción: El gluten no sólo afecta a los seres humanos causando la enfermedad celíaca o la sensibilidad al gluten no celíaca, sino que también contribuye a otras patologías asociadas con las glicoproteínas. El gluten puede causar daño neurológico a través de una combinación de anticuerpos de reacción cruzada, de enfermedades inmunitarias complejas, y mediante toxicidad directa.
Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro estudio es revisar la literatura científica relacionada con la ingestión de gluten en patologías neuronales y mentales, y analizar la evidencia que apoya esta hipótesis. Varias estrategias de búsqueda fueron diseñadas, incluyendo PubMed y otras bases de datos científicas, combinando palabras clave según el estudio, en busca de pruebas científicas el mayor grado de evidencia posible.
Resultados: Los pacientes que sufren de ataxia, esquizofrenia, trastorno bipolar, ansiedad y trastorno mental o dolor de cabeza debido al gluten, han experimentado un alivio significativo de los síntomas después de seguir una dieta libre de gluten. También se ha sugerido que los péptidos tanto de gluten como de caseína pueden desempeñar un papel en el origen del autismo. La causa de los síntomas neurológicos no se conoce pero se ha sugerido que la autoinmunidad resultante de la mímica molecular entre gliadina y proteínas, del sistema nervioso, tiene un papel relevante.
Conclusión: Existe una posible asociación entre el deterioro cognitivo progresivo y el gluten. La eliminación del gluten de la dieta ha mejorado o estabilizado la condición cognitiva de los pacientes estudiados.

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