Composición corporal en varones infartados. Hallazgos novedosos en la asociación y la relación entre indicadores antropométricos de riesgo

Ángel Martín-Castellanos; María Dolores Cabañas; Pedro Martín; Francisco Javier Barca

doi:10.19230/jonnpr.1547

Autores/as

Ángel Martín-Castellanos Sport Medicine Center, Cáceres Department of Anatomy, Research Group in Bio-Anthropology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Extremadura, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy. Cáceres
María Dolores Cabañas Department of Anatomy and Human Embryology, Research Group in Assessment of nutritional status in human populations and clinical, epidemiological and health promotion applications, Complutense University. Madrid
Pedro Martín Primary Care Center, Cáceres
Francisco Javier Barca Department of Anatomy, Research Group in Bio-Anthropology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Extremadura, Faculty of Nursing and Occupational Therapy. Cáceres

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.1547

Palabras clave:

obesidad, infarto de miocardio, somatotipo, composición corporal, indicador antropométrico

Resumen

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio era realizar un análisis antropométrico, incluyendo indicadores comunes, el somatotipo y la grasa corporal en varones con infarto de miocardio.

Método: estudio transversal en 116 varones de 30 a 75 años de edad. Resultados: peso (81,6±13,2 kg); altura (169,4±7,1 cm); circunferencia de cintura (CC) (98,3±18,5 cm); circunferencia umbilical (102,4 ±21,8); circunferencia de cadera (99,3±13,6 cm); índice de masa corporal (IMC) (28,4±4 kg/m2); índice cintura-cadera (ICCad) (0,99±0,1, CI: 0,97-1)); índice cintura-talla (ICT) (0,58±0,1, CI: 0,56-0,60); grasa corporal (27,4%±4,5); endomorfia (4,6±1,3); mesomorfia (5,7±1,2); ectomorfia (0,8±0,8); índice de conicidad (1,30±0,17). Correlaciones: IMC: grasa corporal (0,70), cintura (0,70), ICCad (0,48), ICT (0,72), endomorfia (0,82), mesomorfia (0,81), ectomorfia (-0,81); ICCad: grasa corporal (0,38), cintura (0,69), endomorfia (0,39), mesomorfia (0,38); ICT: grasa corporal (0,50), cintura (0,96), endomorfia (0,58), mesomorfia (0,56), ectomorfia (-0,56); conicidad: cintura (0,85), ICCad (0,58), ICT (0,85), endomorfia (0,45). Prevalencia: ICT (92%), ICCad ?0,95 (87%), índice de conicidad (86,7%), ICCad ?1 (64%), grasa corporal ?25 (69,4%), IMC ?25-29,9 (45,6%), IMC ?30 (37%), endomorfia ?4,5 (47,2%), mesomorfia ?5,6 (50%), ectomorfia ?1,1 (71%).

Conclusiones: los varones con infarto de miocardio presentan un perfil antropométrico de alto riesgo. El somatotipo es mesomorfo endomórfico. Las medidas de cintura, cadera y altura muestran diferente implicación en la composición corporal. La obesidad con criterio de índice de masa corporal es el indicador con más débil asociación, y no discrimina entre los componentes corporales. El índice cintura-cadera presenta alta prevalencia pero una débil relación con la composición corporal de riesgo. El índice cintura-talla refleja una distribución del volumen corporal y presenta las mejores correlaciones con los componentes corporales de riesgo, siendo el índice más prevalente y adecuado para explicar el riesgo biológico asociado al infarto de miocardio.

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