Desigualdades territoriales en el acceso al bienestar en Italia: gobernanza multinivel, capacidad administrativa y diseño institucional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2027.0010Palabras clave:
Desigualdad territorial, gobernanza multinivel, capacidad administrativa, fragmentacion institucional, estado de bienestar, disparidades regionales italianasResumen
El presente artículo analiza las desigualdades territoriales en el acceso efectivo a prestaciones del Estado de bienestar en Italia, con especial atención a la brecha Norte-Sur. A diferencia de los enfoques predominantes que explican dicha brecha en términos puramente socioeconómicos, este trabajo propone un marco analítico centrado en variables institucionales: gobernanza multinivel, capacidad administrativa local y fragmentación del diseño institucional. Mediante un análisis comparado territorial de fuentes secundarias (ISTAT, INPS, Eurostat, OCDE y Banco Mundial), el artículo examina indicadores como la cobertura efectiva de prestaciones, los tiempos de tramitación, el gasto en servicios sociales per cápita y el índice de digitalización administrativa. Se argumenta que la descentralización italiana sin mecanismos robustos de coordinación interterritorial genera un "implementation gap" estructural que convierte las diferencias formales en exclusión real del bienestar. El artículo contribuye teóricamente al debate sobre gobernanza multinivel y desigualdades ocultas, y ofrece implicaciones para el diseño de políticas redistributivas territorialmente sensibles.
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