Variación del perfil lipídico durante el embarazo y su relación con las enfermedades metabólicas

Autores/as

  • María José Aguilar Cordero Departamento de enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada. España. Grupo de investigación CTS 367 (PAI). España.
  • María Quirantes Morillas Hospital Príncipe de Asturias. Alcalá de Henares. Madrid. España.
  • Tania Rivero Blanco Grupo de investigación CTS 367 (PAI). España.
  • Ana María Rojas Carvajal Grupo de investigación CTS 367 (PAI). España.
  • Íñigo María Pérez Castillo Grupo de investigación CTS 367 (PAI). España.
  • Antonio Manuel Sánchez López Grupo de investigación CTS 367 (PAI). España.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.4008

Resumen

Introducción. En el embarazo se producen numerosos cambios fisiológicos en las gestantes los cuales pueden llegar a desencadenar potenciales complicaciones y enfermedades cardiovasculares o metabólicas tales como hipertensión gestacional, hiperlipidemia y diabetes mellitus gestacional.

Objetivo. Realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura con objeto de evaluar la relación entre las variaciones del perfil lipídico durante el embarazo y el riesgo de padecer enfermedades metabólicas y cardiovasculares.

Métodos. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices del modelo PRISMA en la que se incluyeron 22 artículos. Los descriptores empleados incluyeron marcadores del perfil lipídico (HDL, LDL, TG y CT) y las principales patologías metabólicas y cardiovasculares. El idioma se restringió a español e inglés. La revisión fue llevada a cabo durante el año 2019.

Resultados. Niveles elevados de colesterol total, LDL y triglicéridos durante el embarazo se asocian con un mayor riesgo de padecer preeclampsia y diabetes mellitus gestacional. Un mayor índice de masa corporal pre gestacional y una mayor ganancia ponderal se relacionan con mayor tasa hiperlipidemia lo cual conlleva a su vez alteraciones vasculares.

Conclusiones. Se hace patente la necesidad de reforzar el control preventivo del peso materno trimestral y del perfil lipídico durante la gestación con objeto de prevenir complicaciones del embarazo. Son necesarios estudios centrados en determinados resultados adversos perinatales tales como la macrosomía del recién nacido.

 

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Citas

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Publicado

2021-05-08