Estudio exploratorio sobre experiencias de estigma de la gordura según las usuarias del sistema público de salud valenciano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2025.0018Palabras clave:
Estigma de la gordura, Gordofobia médica, Maltrato médico, Desigualdades en salud, EspañaResumen
El estigma de la gordura (o gordofobia) está presente en diversos ámbitos sociales y vulnera los derechos humanos, especialmente, de las niñas y las mujeres. Esto puede resultar en discriminaciones que dañan su salud. Sin embargo, conocemos poco sobre dichas experiencias en el ámbito español e hispanoamericano. El propósito de esta investigación fue explorar el estigma de la gordura experimentado por usuarias sistema público de salud valenciano. Se usó un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Partiendo de entrevistas realizadas a 26 mujeres, de entre 18 y 61 años, se realizó un análisis de tipo discursivo. El análisis sobre las vivencias de las mujeres gordas en el ámbito sanitario ofrecido se cuenta entre las escasas investigaciones realizadas al respecto en España e Hispanoamérica. Los resultados muestran que: a) las participantes experimentaron estigma de la gordura verbal comportamental y ambiental; b) encontraron barreras para obtener diagnósticos; c) soportaron violencia ginecológica y obstétrica basada en prejuicios gordofóbicos; d) y que dichas experiencias interfirieron en la búsqueda de ayuda. La atención sanitaria equitativa y no discriminatoria implica erradicar los fenómenos de estigma evidenciados. Las evidencias encontradas y las quince propuestas prácticas que se incluyen pueden orientar acciones y políticas públicas para humanizar la medicina y asegurar la salud y el bienestar de las personas gordas.
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