Intervención Asistida por Animales (IAA) en Trabajo Social. Aproximación teórica para la intervención social
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15257/ehquidad.2017.0007Palabras clave:
Intervenciones Asistidas con Animales (IAA), Interacciones humano-animal, Terapia Asistida por Animales (TAA), Trabajo Social, Intervención social.Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene por objeto realizar un acercamiento al concepto de Intervenciones Asistidas por Animales (IAA) y su posible vinculación con el Trabajo Social. Existen evidencias científicas de los beneficios derivados de las interacciones humano-animales. Aprovechar estos beneficios y el vínculo que creamos con los animales para promover la salud y el bienestar de las personas da lugar a las IAA. En este artículo se abordarán las definiciones, la clasificación y el marco teórico de las IAA, a través de un breve recorrido sobre sus orígenes, sobre las evidencias empíricas logradas, y de los organismos internacionales dedicados a la investigación del vínculo humano-animal y su aplicación a la terapéutica humana. La situación actual, aunque con carencias, muestra las IAA como un área de intervención válido en diversas profesiones de atención a las personas o colectivos en situación de vulnerabilidad o exclusión social.
Descargas
Citas
Alonso, Y. (2000). ¿Los animales fomentan la salud humana? Un análisis preliminar. Revista de Psicología General y Aplicada, 53 (4), 693-700.
Barker, S. B., & Wolen, A. R. (2008). The benefits of human companion animal interaction: a review. Journal of Veterinaty Medical Education, 35, 487-495. doi: 10.3138/jvme.35.4.487
Beck, A.M., and Katcher, A.H. (1996). Between pets and people: The importance of animal companionship. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue Univ. Press.
Beck, A. M. (2000). The use of animals to benefit humans, animal-assisted therapy. In A. H. Fine (Ed.), In The handbook on animal assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice (pp. 21-40). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
Beetz, A., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Julius, H., & Kotrschal, K. (2012). Psychosocial and psychophysiological effects of human-animal interactions: the possible role of oxytocin. Frontiers in psychology, 3, 234. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00234
Beetz, A. M. (2017). Theories and possible processes of action in animal assisted interventions. Applied Developmental Science, 21(2), 139-149. doi: 10.1080/10888691.2016.1262263
Borrego, J. L., Perea-Mediavilla, M. A., Tejada-Roldán, A., & Sarasola, J. L. (2015). Validación del cuestionario de actitudes ante las intervenciones asistidas por perros (CAINTAP) en estudiantes universitarios del sur de España: Beneficios y temores percibidos. Alternativas. Cuadernos De Trabajo Social, (22), 123-138. doi:10.14198/ALTERN2015.22.07
Bossard, J. H. (1944). The mental hygiene of owning a dog. Mental hygiene, 28, 408-413.
Brickel, C. M. (1985). Initiation and maintenance of the human-animal bond: Familial roles from a learning perspective. Marriage & Family Review, 8(3-4), 31-48.
Bustad, L.K., & Hines, L.M., (1983). Placement of animals with the elderly: benefits and strategies. In A.H. Katcher & A.M. Beck (Eds.), New Perspectives on Our Lives with Companion Animals. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, PA, pp. 291-302.
Bustad, L. K. (1996). Reflections on the human-animal bond. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,
Centre de Teràpies Assistides amb Cans (CTAC). Disponible en http://www.ctac.cat/CTAC/ctacintervencionesasistidasconperros.html. Mayo de 2017.
Corson, S. A., Arnold, L. E., Gwynne, P. H., & Corson, E. O. L. (1977). Pet dogs as nonverbal communication links in hospital psychiatry. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 18(1), 61-72. doi: 10.1016/S0010-440X(77)80008-4
Corson, S.A., & Corson, E. O. (1980). Pet animals as nonverbal communication mediators in psychotherapy in institutional settings. Ethology and nonverbal communication in mental health: an interdisciplinary biopsychosocial exploration/edited by Samuel A. Corson and Elizabeth O'Leary Corson, with Joyce A. Alexander.
European Society for Animal Assisted Therapy (ESSAT). Disponible en: http://www.en.esaat.org/. Mayo de 2017.
Filan, S. L., & Llewellyn-Jones, R. H. (2006). Animal-assisted therapy for dementia: a review of the literature. International Psychogeriatrics, 18(4), 597-611. doi: 10.1017/S1041610206003322
Fine, A.H., & Beck, H.M. (2010). Undertandingp our
kinship with animals: input for health care professionals interested in the human/animal bond. In Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. (2ªEd). (pp. 3-10). San Diego, CA: Elsevier/Academic Press.
Fine, A. H. (2ª Ed.). (2006). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. San Diego, CA.: Elsevier/Academic Press.
Fine, A. H. (3ª Ed.). (2010). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice. San Diego, CA.: Elsevier/Academic Press.
Fine, A.H. (4ª Ed.). (2015). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Foundations and guidelines for animal-assisted interventions. San Diego, CA.: Elsevier/Academic Press.
Franti, C. E., Kraus, J. F., Borhani, N. O., Johnson, S. L., & Tucker, S. D. (1980). Pet ownership in rural Northern California (El Dorado County). Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 176 (2), 143-149.
Friedmann, E., Katcher, A. H., Lynch, J. J., & Thomas, S. A. (1980). Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit. Public Health Reports.
Friedmann, E., Katcher, A. H., Thomas, S. A., Lynch, J. J., & Messent, P. R. (1983). Social interaction and blood pressure: Influence of animal companions. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 171(8), 461-465.
Friedmann, E., & Thomas, S. A. (1995). Pet ownership, social support, and one-year survival after acute myocardial infarction in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST). The American journal of cardiology, 76(17), 1213-1217.
Friedmann, E., Thomas, S. A., Stein, P. K., & Kleiger, R. E. (2003). Relation between pet ownership and heart rate variability in patients with healed myocardial infarcts. The American journal of cardiology, 91(6), 718-721. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)03412-4
Friesen, L. (2010). Exploring animal-assisted programs with children in school and therapeutic contexts. Early Childhood Education Journal, 37(4), 261-267. doi: 10.1007/s10643-009-0349-5
Fundacion Affinity. Disponible en http://www.fundacion-affinity.org/. Mayo de 2017.
Granger, B. P., & Kogan, L. R. (2006). Characteristics of animal-assisted therapy/activity in specialized settings. In Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice, pp. 263-285.
Green Chimneys. Disponible en http://www.greenchimneys.org/. Mayo de 2017.
Halm, M. A. (2008). The healing power of the human animal connection. American Journal of Critical Care, 17, 373-376.
Holcomb, R., & Meacham, M. (1989). Effectiveness of an animal-assisted therapy program in an inpatient psychiatric unit. Anthrozoös, 2(4), 259-264. doi: 10.2752/089279389787057902
International Association of Human-Animal Interaction Organizations (IAHAIO). Disponible en: https://petpartners.org/. Mayo de 2017.
IAHAIO White Paper (2014). The IAHAIO definitions for animal assisted intervention and guidelines for wellness of animals involved. Disponible en: https://petpartners.org/. Mayo de 2017.
Julius, H., Beetz, A., Kotrschal, K., Turner, D., & Uvnäs-Moberg, K. (2012). Attachment to pets. New York: Hogrefe.
Katcher, A.H., Friedmann, Beck, A.M., Lynch, J. (1983). Looking, talking and blood pressure: The physiologic consequences of interaction with the living environment. In A.H. Katcher and A.M. Beck, (Eds), New Perspectives on Our Lives with Companion Animals (p. 351). Beck, A. M., & Katcher, A. H. (1984). A new look at pet-facilitated therapy. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 184(4), 414.
Katcher, A.H., Friedmann, E., Beck, A.M., & Lynch, J.J. (1983). Looking, talking and blood pressure: The physiological consequences of interaction with the living environment. In A.H. Katcher and A.M. Beck, (Eds), New perspectives on our lives with companion animals. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia (pp. 351–359).
Katcher, A.H., Segal, H., & Beck, A.M. (1984). Comparison of contemplation and hypnosis for reduction of anxiety and discomfort during dental surgery. Am. J. Clin. Hypn, 1,14–21. doi10.1080/00029157.1984.10402583
Katcher, A.H., & A.M., Beck. (1986). Dialogue with animals. Trans. Stud. Coll. Physicians Phila. 8(2), 105–112.
Katcher, A.H., & Beck, A.M. (1987). Health and caring for living things. Anthrozoös, 1(3), 175-183. doi: 10.2752/089279388787058461
Kruger, K.A., Serpell, J.A., (2006). Animal-assisted interventions in mental health: Definitions and theoretical foundations. In H.A. Fine (Ed.), Handbook on Animal-assisted Therapy: Theoretical Foundations and Guidelines for Practice (2 Ed.). New York: USA Academic Press.
Kruger, K. A., & Serpell, J. A. (2010). Animal-assisted interventions in mental health: Definitions and theoretical foundations. In H.A. Fine (Ed.), Handbook of animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice (3. Ed.) (pp. 21-38). New York: USA: Academic Press.
Lago, D., Knight, B., & Connell, C. (1981). PACT: a pet placement organization for the elderly living at home. Aging, (331-332), 19-25.
Levinson, B. (1962). The dog as co-therapist. Mental Hygiene, 46, 59-65
Levinson, B. (1969). Pet-oriented Child Psychotherapy. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
Levinson, B. (1972). Pets and Human Development. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.
López-Cepero, J., Perea-Mediavilla, M. A., Tejada-Roldán, A., & Sarasola, J. L. (2014). Validación del cuestionario de actitudes ante las intervenciones asistidas por perros (CAINTAP) en estudiantes universitarios del sur de España: Beneficios y temores percibidos. Escritos de Psicología, (7), 10-18. doi: 10.14198/ALTERN2015.22.07
López-Cepero, J., Blanco, N., Perea-Mediavilla, M.A., Tejada, A., Rodríguez- Franco, L. y Blanco, A. (2012). Una aproximación al estado actual de las intervenciones asistidas por animales en la literatura científica. Logros y retos de futuro. En R. Quevedo-Blasco y V.J. Quevedo-Blasco (Eds.), Avances en Psicología Clínica. Granada: AEPC.
López-Cepero, J., Rodríguez-Franco, L., Perea-Mediavilla, M.A., Blanco, N., Tejada, A., y Blanco, a. (2014). Animal-assisted interventions: review of current status and future challenges. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 14, 85-101.
López-Cepero, J., Perea-Mediavilla, M.A., Sarasola, J.L. y Tejada, A. (2015). Influence of biographical variables and academic background on attitudes towards animal assisted interventions. Human-animal Interaction Bulletin, 3, 10-18.
Marino, L. (2012). Construct validity of animal-assisted therapy and activities. How important is the animal on AAT? Anthrozoos, 25, s129-s151. doi: 10.2752/175303712X13353430377219
Martos-Montes, R., Ordóñez-Pérez, D., De la Fuente-Hidalgo, I., Martos-Luque, R., & García-Viedma, M. R. (2015). Animal-assisted intervention (AAI): The current situation in Spain. Escritos De Psicología, 8(3), 1-10. doi: 10.5231/psy.writ.2015.2004.
McCullock, M.J. (1983). Animal facilitated therapy: Overview and future direction. In A.H. Katcher & A.M. Beck, (Eds): New perspectives in our lifes with companion animals, (pp 410-426). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
McNicholas, J., & Collins, G.M. (1995). Relationships between young people with autism and their pets. In 7th International Conference on Human-Animal Interactions, Animals, Health and Quality of Life, September 6-9, Geneva, Switzerland.
Nimer, J., & Lundahl. (2007). Animal-assisted therapy: A meta-analysis. Anthrozoos, 20, 225-238. doi: 10.2752/089279307X224773
Ory, M. G., & Goldberg, E. L. (1983). Pet possession and well-being in elderly women. Research on Aging, 5(3), 389-409.
Pavlides, M. (2008). Animal-assisted interventions for individuals with autism. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Perea-Mediavilla, M. A., López-Cepero, J., Tejada-Roldán, A., & Sarasola, J. L. (2014). Intervenciones asistidas por animales y calidad de vida: Expectativas en estudiantes universitarios españoles. Escritos De Psicología, 7(3), 10-18. doi: 10.5231/psy.writ.2014.1909
Perkins, J., Bartlett, H., Travers, C., y Rand, J. (2008). Dog-assisted therapy for older people with dementia. Australasian Journal of Ageing, 27. 177-182. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-6612.2008.00317.x
Pet Partners (2017), disponible online en https://petpartners.org/learn/terminology/. Mayo 2017.
Robb, S. S., & Stegman, C. E. (1983). Companion animals and elderly people: A challenge for evaluators of social support. The Gerontologist, 23(3), 277-282. doi: 1093/geront/23.3.277
Rossetti, J., DeFabiis, S., & Belpedio, C. (2008). Behavioral Health Staff’s Pet-Assisted Therapy: An Exploratory Study. Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services, 46(9), 28-33. doi:10.3928/02793695-20080901-13
Ruckert, J. (1987). The Four-Footed Therapist. Berkeley, Calif.: Ten Speed Press
Serpell, J. (1991). Beneficial effects of pet ownership on some aspects of human health and behaviour. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 84, 717–720. doi: 10.1177/014107689108401209
Serpell, J. A. (1996). Evidence for an association between pet behavior and owner attachment levels. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 47, 49 – 60. doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(95)01010-6
Serpell, J. (2006). Animal-Assisted Interventions in Historical Perspective. In A.H. Fine (Ed.), Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and guidelines for practice, (pp.12-14). San Diego, California: Academic Press.
Serpell, J., McCune, S., Gee, N., & Griffin, J. A. (2017). Current challenges to research on animal-assisted interventions. Applied Developmental Science, 1-11. doi: 10.1080/10888691.2016.1262775
Steed, H. N., & Smith, B. S. (2002). Animal assisted activities for geriatric patients. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 27(1), 49-61. doi: 10.1300/J016v27n01_04
Siegel, J. M. (1990). Stressful life events and use of physician services among the elderly: The moderating role of pet ownership. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 1081–1086. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1081
Smith, B. A. (1983). Project Inreach: A program to explore the ability of Atlantic bottlenose dolphins to elicit communication responses from autistic children. New perspectives on our lives with companion animals, 460-466.
Souter, M. A., & Miller, M. D. (2007). Do animal-assisted activities effectively treat depression? A meta-analysis. Anthrozoös, 20(2), 167-180. doi:10.2752/175303707X207954
Trotter, K. S., Chandler, C. K., Goodwin-Bond, D., & Casey, J. (2008). A comparative study of the efficacy of group equine assisted counseling with at-risk children and adolescents. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 3(3), 254-284. doi: 10.1080/15401380802356880
Vallejo, M. T. M., Hernández, I. M., & Palomino, A. E. (2009). Efectos terapéuticos de las actividades asistidas con animales de compañía en diferentes contextos socioeducativos. INFAD Revista de Psicología. International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology, 1, 559- 564.
Virués-Ortega, J., y Buela-Casal, G. (2006). Psychophysiological effects of human-animal interaction: theoretical issues and long-term interaction effects. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 194, 52-57. doi: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000195354.03653.
