Funcionamiento neuropsicológico en los Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria: Un estudio comparativo

Autores/as

  • Rubén Maldonado-Ferrete Instituto de Ciencias de la Conducta. Sevilla. España
  • María Catalán-Camacho Instituto de Ciencias de la Conducta. Sevilla. España
  • Vanessa Álvarez Valbuena Instituto de Ciencias de la Conducta. Sevilla. España
  • Ignacio Jáuregui-Lobera Instituto de Ciencias de la Conducta. Sevilla. España. Universidad Pablo de Olavide. Sevilla. España.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.3398

Palabras clave:

Endofenotipos, neuropsicología, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, tratamiento

Resumen

Introducción. Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) cursan con diversas alteraciones en tres principales rasgos o endofenotipos: coherencia central, tareas de cambio de criterio y control de impulsos según diferentes técnicas de evaluación neuropsicológicas y de neuroimagen. El objetivo de este trabajo es  aportar evidencia empírica descriptiva sobre estas posibles alteraciones y su relación con variables emocionales, de funcionamiento diario y de conducta alimentaria

Método. Se compararon 38 mujeres: 19 con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) y 19 participantes  sin TCA. Se usaron diferentes técnicas para evaluar la velocidad de procesamiento, memoria, atención,  impulsividad y el estado emocional.

Resultados. Las diferencias en el resultado de la mayoría de las pruebas neuropsicológicas empleadas fueron no significativas excepto en la Clave de Números y en el recuerdo inmediato del Test de Memoria de  Rivermead. El grupo con TCA mostró síntomas depresivos moderados.

Conclusiones. El rendimiento similar del grupo TCA en las pruebas neuropsicológicas podría ser explicado  por un estilo de procesamiento de la información basado en el detalle y sin cambio de criterio. Los síntomas  depresivos parecen ser un factor de vulnerabilidad que correlaciona con la evolución del trastorno. La  intervención neuropsicológica de los TCA aportaría nuevas técnicas de tratamiento de forma complementaria a las que ya se aplican; favorecería un abordaje más dimensional sacando a la luz nuevas dianas terapéuticas y también se trataría la comorbilidad de estos trastornos actuando sobre los factores  comunes. En consecuencia, se sugieren nuevas líneas de investigación de neuropsicología aplicada.

 

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Publicado

2020-04-09