Parámetros cardiometabólicos en el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad en personas con sobrepeso u obesidad: revisión bibliográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19230/jonnpr.2919Palabras clave:
Entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, salud cardiometabólica, composición corporal, valores lipídicos, presión sanguínea, fitness cardiorrespiratorio, obesidad, sobrepeso, HIITResumen
Objetivo. El propósito de la presente revisión fue conocer cómo se ven influenciados diferentes parámetros cardiometabólicos, y/o marcadores de salud cardiometabólica, en personas con sobrepeso u obesidad tras la aplicación de un programa de entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad.
Método. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed. Se obtuvieron un total de 93 artículos. Tras analizar su contenido y aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, un total de 12 artículos fueron incluidos.
Resultados. Hay un mantenimiento o descenso significativo en ciertos casos del índice de masa corporal (2,1±0,3%), masa corporal (3,3%, ?2%), masa grasa (?2%), y perímetro de cintura. Los efectos en los valores lipídicos varían mucho entre artículos mostrando resultados contradictorios: en algunos estudios se han observado descensos significativos en colesterol (32,4±5,2mg/dl) lipoproteínas de baja densidad (25,8±16,5mg/dl) y triglicéridos (22,9±3,4mg/dl), aunque otros estudios muestran que no existen cambios en estos parámetros o incluso se observa un ligero incremento tras la intervención. También existen disminuciones en el nivel de glucosa (1,1±0,11mmol/l) y presión arterial diastólica y sistólica . El pico de consumo de oxígeno presentó aumentos significativos en la mayoría de estudios analizados (27,7±4,4%; 22,3±3,5%; 9,1%; 7,9%; 7,9%).
Conclusión. El entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad permite mejoras en: perímetro de la cintura, sensibilidad a la insulina, presión sanguínea y pico de consumo de oxígeno. También puede resultar efectivo para controlar el peso corporal y reducir la masa grasa. Sin embargo, no está claro que pueda ser efectivo para la modificación de los valores lipídicos por la controversia en los resultados.
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